本书剖析了做决策时的心理活动，是一本教他人如何做决策的指南

很多书都着重讨论做决策时犯的错误，或者提供如何做出更好选择的建议。《选择的要素》则更进一步，解释了我们该如何设计更好的决策完整过程。埃里克·J·约翰逊（Eric J. Johnson）超越了熟悉的“说服”和“默认”的概念，为创建有效的选择架构（决策环境）提供了全面、系统的指导。选择架构是一组多面工具，用于预测人们如何做出具体决策。决策设计者需要考虑到所有选择要素：提供多少选择，如何呈现它们，如何考虑到我们自然的认知捷径，等等。人们往往忽视了这些要素，没有意识到它们对我们的决策过程有多大影响。约翰逊是决策研究的主要研究者。他利用自己的原创研究和对决策建立结果的元分析，揭示了选择的结构是如何影响结果的。

这本书对于商业人士、政策制定者，以及其它帮助他人做决定的人来说，都是必不可少的。我们都是决策设计者，为自己也为他人。无论你是帮助学生选择合适的学校，帮助病人选择合适的健康保险计划，还是决定如何为自己的退休生活进行投资，约翰逊都提供了你需要的工具，以指导任何人做出适合他们的决定。

A guide to the inner workings of how decisions are made—and an essential tool kit for helping others make decisions better

Plenty of books dwell on the faults in our decision-making or offer advice on how to make better choices. The Elements of Choice goes one step further and explains how we can design better end-to-end decision-making processes. Going well beyond the familiar concepts of nudges and defaults, Eric J. Johnson offers a comprehensive, systematic guide to creating effective choice architectures, the environments in which decisions are made. Choice architecture is a multifaceted set of tools for anticipating how people make specific decisions. The designers of decisions need to consider all the elements involved in presenting a choice: how many options to offer, how to present them, how to account for our natural cognitive shortcuts, and much more. These levers are unappreciated, and we’re often unaware of just how much they influence our reasoning. Johnson is the lead researcher behind some of the most well-known and cited research on decision-

making. He draws on his original studies and meta-analyses of decision-building findings to reveal how the structure of choices affects outcomes.

This book is essential for businesspeople, policy makers, and anyone tasked with helping others make decisions. We are all decision designers, for ourselves and for others. Whether you’re helping students choose the right school, helping patients pick the right health insurance plan, or deciding how to invest for your own retirement, Johnson provides the tools you need to guide anyone to the decision that’s right for them.